Breaking away from gravity of the past to create a better future..... |
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Society for Universal Oneness Vision of Technology reaching out … from where you are … to
the universe SFUO Vision: Use science and technology in the right direction to create solutions and invent systems that help save lives, reverse the damage to environment and ecosystem, help advance the human society toward a better future, and promote peace and harmony to achieve global integration and universal interdependence among communities.
SFUO Mission: Bring together researchers, scientists, technocrats, and volunteers in a network to innovate, create, launch, and implement projects supporting SFUO vision in the most professional, competent, and cost-effective manner. Presentation at SouthEastCon on April 04, 2003 on ‘Vision of Technology for future’ IEEE R&D Policy Committee Vision Statement for future: Creating Peace while protecting the environment Introduction The overall broad vision for research in technology has to address the issues like: Creating Peace, Protecting the Environment, Integrating disciplines within technology, Inter-science integration with life sciences/ medical technology, Creating new paradigms by fundamental research, Retaining flexibility for enhancement and Bridge the gap to Unknown. It is like clean as you climb on a long hike. You just don’t climb to clean. You climb to unleash the hidden potential within yourself, become one with the nature and explore new horizons, graduating from one height to another. If we integrate the objective of cleaning up the trash leftover by those who hiked these trails before us, we would leave the mountain cleaner than when we encountered it. This has something to do with our attitude. If we own up the responsibility today to create peace on the planet, we would be able to create it. The blueprint of peace has to be in the mind of the creator. The creators of peace are the engineers, scientists, technologists, professionals and researchers of all fields as intellectuals. The onus is on each one of us to create a better world. While we need to keep innovating and move forward from where we are in baby steps towards making improvements over the existing, we must foresee a vision that we wish to create. The vision for future of technology can be no different than our vision for the world. Creating a Vision of Technology The long-term focus of the vision of technology has to address the major issue of creating global integration for permanent peace on the planet and protection of environment for longevity of the planet and human race. We can’t plan our own future in oblivion of the environment that sustains and nurtures us. The techno-eco-bio system has to focus on an integrative convergence of the requirements for sustenance and growth of the entire life spanning the bio kingdom and their supporting environment, not just the humans and our immediate needs for comfort. The immediate focus is always at solving the problems on hand. It is the interim focus that addresses issues of a domain that is neither immediate, nor long-term. If we had to divide the vision of technology into these three categories and identify the focus for each of the categories, we end up with the following table. Technology Vision Perspective Objective Focus Eventual (Long-term) Peace and Environment Table: Vision of Technology Perspective and Focus Let us now elaborate upon each one of these categories in some detail. The immediate focus has to deal with development of technologies and systems to combat terrorism at the ground level. The current initiatives to create a department of Home-land Security is a step in the right direction. Also, an extensive research into measures to improve cyber-security and the development of gadgets and antidotes against bio-terrorism needs to be an immediate priority. In addition to these, we have to relate the immediate focus to two directions. One direction is to relate this focus to all that exists and build on top of that, integrating the existing knowledge by complementing and supplementing from the inter-disciplinary and inter-laced roles of the technologies of often over-lapping but seldom unrelated domains and innovating for improvement. It is like learning from the past and innovating for the improvement. A correlation in this direction has to exist for all the domains and disciplines of technology. The other direction to relate all this exercise of causing improvement, innovation and development over the inter-disciplinary domains is to link these endeavors to the futuristic focus that spans the horizons of interim, long-term eventual and even far beyond those to the eternity. If we fail to provide this linkage, we would end-up yet another time to fall back into the grip of the gravity since the force applied for launch was not strong enough to break away from it. The force of gravity is this context is the myopic vision and the launch under consideration is technology itself. If today we fail to link the future of technology to a vision of peace and protection of environment on the planet, we would be the catalysts of the inertia that is slowly causing the death of humanity. It is very convenient for each one of us individually to hold responsible the government, the political system of the way world operates and its worldly-wise policies. We can easily find an excuse in the non-acceptance of a vision by our society that is so used to finding gains out of immediate efforts. We may like to continue to ignore at the present moment, the Wake-Up Call of the tragedy that struck us on September 11 ‘2001. The most convenient route is always not the best one. The harder route for us to take would be to now wake-up and take a stock of the situation. Once we take a stock of the situation of the world at the present times, we would know that something has definitely gone wrong. We went the wrong way with the technology. We did not have any relationship between technology and peace. The only vision we have had in the past with technology has been either to relate it with providing human comfort and the other has been to meet human need. While the range of human need has encompassed a horizon from requirement to travel faster to cause destruction of a mass-scale with vested political interests, peace and environment have failed to figure in our so-called ‘wish-list.’ The major lesson to be learned now from the tragic events of September
11 ‘2001 is that we need to provide this linkage from present
endeavors to a vision of the future for technology. As we go down the line from translating this abstract vision to an achievable mission and a set of goals and specific task oriented objectives that can be time-lined with start and finish dates and earmarked with realizable resources, there would be certain impediments and by-products in the process. Impediments would be to bridge the gaps between the known and the unknown. By-products would be the creation of a multitude of new interdisciplinary paradigms, technologies, hypothesis and theories that would form a base to launch us from known and leap into domains of the unknown. It is these by-products of the process of a collective brainstorming and meditation during the process of consultation and collaboration that would form the bulk for basis of future research and development. The domains of the unknown, that we have ticked off in the past as mystical, unattainable, unexplainable and the metaphysical are much easier to explain today in comparison to yesterday. Given the technological leap of the past 100 years, we are far better positioned today to achieve this objective of bridging the gap between known and the unknown than ever before. An Assessment of the Current Situation Research and Development funding in Electro-technology Engineering
has considerably suffered in view of: A Vision for Future of the World The world is one nation – every human being on the planet its citizen. It is governed by a group of intellectuals who volunteer their services for the cause of humanity and protection of the planet. All that exists is love, joy and peace. Everyone lives in harmony with each-other and also with everything else on the planet. The human society has created a mechanism of interdependence by cooperative collaboration and consultation among communities of people of the world. This system of interdependence has led them to achieve a world free from hunger and horror. Neither there are wars, nor there are armies. People help others instead of competing with them. There is plenty of everything for everyone, but the needs are very limited. They are fulfilled, content and realized beings. In this abundance of everything, above all is the goodness of their attitude. It is a balanced world where everyone has the physical, mental and spiritual dimensions integrated. There is no disease and no hatred. None suffers from any ailments, whatsoever. Living in true harmony with the nature, everyone is content and happy. They are all educated and enlightened with blessings of the knowledge divine. If we have to make the above vision for a future of the world true, there is an important role that technology has to play in realizing this dream. As a step by step process, technology would need to focus on meeting certain objectives. Mission Statement for the Future of Technology To create peace and protect the environment on the planet, research and development in technology has to focus on: 1. Prevention and eradication of terrorism and development of anti-dotes to terrorist attacks, nuclear wars and external aggressions 2. Creating alternatives to gasoline and fossil fuel power and tapping nature’s renewable resources for power 3. Point of application energy generation with non-polluting resources and utilization to minimize losses and emissions 4. Aid de-materialization and alternatives to travel by nano-technology, IT, Telecom and Virtual Reality 5. Bridging the gap between physical and metaphysical (or known and the unknown) 6. Reverse Engineering from Energy to Matter 7. Creating new paradigms by Integration of inter-disciplinary domains like Medical Science and Engineering When we finally get down to task, each of the objectives in the mission statement can be grilled down to a set of achievable projects that can be realized on the ground as meaningful projects and no more look like an abstract dream. We have successfully converted Matter to Energy. Consider a form of wood as coal or a fossil fuel that holds potential energy as matter. By burning this matter, its form is changed and heat energy is released. This heat energy is used to generate power in thermal power plants. The electrical power that is transmitted is received finally at the point of application for end-use. The end-use is yet another type of conversion: from electrical power to the kinetic or heat energy. In case of a bulb, we transform electrical power to heat energy that finally transmits light. Finally, we have ended up converting matter to light in successive levels of transformation of energy from one form to another and its transmission. While we do have light available to us in abundance as solar energy radiated all the time and received on this planet continually, can we invent a system that converts light to matter? Light is holding energy in a different form. It is loaded with energy. If the light energy can be suitably converted to another form and subsequently to a desired state of matter, we can set a whole new paradigm for creation. The future of research in technology belongs to this process of reverse engineering that would bring in its wake several new paradigms and areas for development and innovation, merging several existing fields of medical science and technology besides creating numerous new ones that were unimagined hitherto. Tele-porting would finally become possible as a reality of the physical world, once we are successfully able to master this two-way process of conversion from matter to energy and energy to matter. Our body constitutes matter that can be envisioned as a potential form of energy. If the body in matter form can be de-materialized to energy, the energy transmitted from one point to another and then re-converted to matter at the destination end, tele-porting would be a real life possibility and no more a science fiction. An Antidote for Nuclear Aggression We can make an attempt at creating an anti-dote to nuclear aggression only if we are successfully able to understand the entire process of conversion from energy to matter. The energy released from decomposition of matter can be immediately tapped for a re-conversion process. The re-conversion process can work on a sense and scan basis and triggered in a manner similar to the launch of a patriot missile to counter an incoming scud. The counter move process can be automated to become instantaneous and linked with sensing of the environment by suitably developed thermal sensors installed at potential targets of aggression. Point of Application Paradigm Yet another fall-out from this research in reverse-engineering process would be the conversion from one form of energy to another and tap it at the point of application. The point of application is the destination where end-use of energy is required, viz. an appliance operating on power. Solar roofs can generate electrical power that can be consumed right at the point of generation for house-hold requirements, avoiding the need for power transmission and its associated losses. The surplus power can be fed to an international power grid that carries power from various points of generation to distribution. The recent spurt in nano-technology holds a promising future for point of application energy generation, storage and deployment using solar and wind resources. As we research into the ways and means of creating technologies that protect the environment and make an on the spot high and effective utilization of the natures’ perennial resources, we create a wonderful way of life that helps us to realize our interdependence with nature as well as technology. The focus here is on conservation, recycling and point of application. Development of systems around these concepts with low investments in R&D is not only feasible, even achievable under realizable timeframes. The point of application technology as a concept can be extended to areas other than eCommerce as well. Take for instance the power sector. If we can produce power based on solar and wind systems right at our roof-top and substantiate that system with human exercise power generation options in a cost-effective manner, it can become a viable option to the currently fossil-fuel burning and environment polluting power generation systems. An extension of this system to treat, filter and recycle water at the point of application can save both power and water simultaneously. Consider our current shower and drainage system. If we can collected the heated water that we use to take a shower, effectively filter it after collection to remove all unwanted stuff out of it and feed back this still warm water back to the shower, we shall be able to develop an extremely cost-effective recycling system. This is the concept of a system that would not just result in saving the precious water, but even save on the power that is wasted in producing, transporting and heating water. A very similar concept can be extended to recycling of the toilet water. The above are just simple examples of the manners in which we can combine the point of application technology with focus on conservation of natural resources, savings and recycling. If routine and repetitive usage of water can be recycled with application of simple low-cost technology, the source supply can be limited to providing water for human consumption purposes like drinking only. That can result in a boon for desert and draught areas that suffer scarcity of water. Also, it can save power and water in the middle-east where sea water is desalinated for usage. Consider a global village off the limits of an over-populated urban area. A micro-hydel power generation project, complemented with wind and solar based on the spot applications can be sufficient to meet the limited needs of divine people who live in this community of not so demanding individuals. They know ‘how to do with less,’ as much as they have built into their heart and mind a respect for the current state of the planet. They are the ones who truly understand that they have simply borrowed the planet from the generations yet to be born and raised. For them, it is a way of life to leave any place cleaner than the way it was when they arrived there. They feel that it is a matter of culture that has, over a period of time, got programmed into their psyche. They have now owned up the responsibility to leave this planet in a better condition than it was when they arrived here. If each one of us just owns up this kind of a responsibility and live this attitude, the world would be a better place. The tragedy of humanity today is that we have all jumped out to skydive, but without the parachute – the right attitude. But there is hope. This sky is tall and the ground is far away. We have a chance to develop the right attitude before we hit the ground, by a process of consultation and collaboration that engages an entire humanity on the planet. This is our only chance. The path to … destruction … or … construction? With where ever we are in the history of the world and wherever we
are going, there is an issue we need to look at ‘Are we on the
path to construction or we are on the path to destruction? An Attitude of ‘Technology for Peace’ It is only the development of a right attitude that would eventually lead to a vision of peace and subsequently actions to achieve peace. Hitherto, we have been used to a strategy of protecting ourselves against our enemies and competing with each other for limited resources. Everyone is reaching forward to grab a bigger piece of the pie. No one is focused on creating another pie or enlarging the existing one. It is this attitude of the world, coupled with ‘I am right’ syndrome that has created a world of hatred and mass destruction. No one singularly is to be blamed – it is a collection of all of us. Unless we own the responsibility to clean up the mess collectively and identify what areas each one of us can sweep, nothing is going to get clean. Clearing up all the mess that is there as of today is a collective responsibility of every one – each one of us has to do our bit of the clean up process. To begin with, we have start with our mind. We need to de-junk all the garbage out of there even before we can embark on a project of ‘Creating a Positive Attitude.’ In the events of history of the world, September 11 ‘2001 was a turning point. As much as we know the date line as BC and AD eras, the world would be known as ‘pre- September 11 ‘2001’ and post- September 11 ‘2001.’ September 11 ‘2001 has changed everything forever. It was not a wake-up call just for America, but for the whole world. We all need to wake-up from a deep slumber of resignation to circumstances and live up to a new reality. The new reality is that if we continue to ignore the call for creating a new vision for the future, we would be morally and intellectually responsible to our inner conscience for creating the consequences of this deliberate ignorance. This new vision involves a role of technology and the intellect of the brains of technocrats, scientists, engineers, physicians, surgeons, professionals, practitioners and philosophers of the known domains and those unknown domains that are yet to be created. The very first step in that direction is to set in motion a dialog between the technical communities of interdependent disciplines of science and technology. This initiative can best be driven by IEEE, standing today as hope of the humanity, as world’s largest body of professionals. IEEE, as an apex society of technocrats, engineers, scientists, researchers and developers belonging to the diverse disciplines of electro-technology and its related fields is well positioned to launch a global initiative among peers coming together from different disciplines with a common purpose of creating peace on the planet. As we go about creating this vision, we would have to identify and involve all like-minded resources, organizations, bodies, individuals and groups who are committed to create a future that benefits the coming generations. The common objective here is to create a system that can realize a vision of the future that spells a meaningful role of science and technology to create peace on the planet. As we go down the line from translating this abstract vision to an achievable mission and a set of goals and specific task oriented objectives that can be time-lined with start and finish dates and earmarked with realizable resources, there would be certain impediments and by-products in the process. Impediments would be to bridge the gaps between the known and the unknown. By-products would be the creation of a multitude of new interdisciplinary paradigms, technologies, hypothesis and theories that would form a base to launch us from known and leap into domains of the unknown. It is these by-products of the process of a collective brainstorming and meditation during the process of consultation and collaboration that would form the bulk for basis of future research and development. The domains of the unknown, that we have ticked off in the past as mystical, unattainable, unexplainable and the metaphysical are much easier to explain today in comparison to yesterday. Given the technological leap of the past 100 years, we are far better positioned today to achieve this objective of bridging the gap between known and the unknown than ever before. Technology for Peace and Bombs of the Future Till such time that the whole world is united, the interim stage can be the creation of technology for peace. The objective of such a technology shall not be to ‘kill,’ but it would be ‘to save.’ Scientists shall research into producing such weapons that can create an immediate effect of peace, doing away with the need to fight and kill. Examples of such systems can be chemicals that induce a repulsion to fighting, an immediate spell of laughter that lasts for a considerable time forcing an army to surrender or any non-destructive means easing the process of surrender. With intent of their welfare, the armies of the opposition shall be made to surrender and peace restored. While the whole world would stand united towards the mission of peace, such so-called armies of the opposition may be isolated or organized groups of terrorists. Once they are forced to surrender, the process of rehabilitation can be put in place. A peace bomb may be an electro-magnetic signal that has a strong EMF field associated with it. The positive strength of this wave may be able to bias everyone in its field of intensity to ‘thoughts of peace.’ Technology for peace would be driven by an inspiration arising directly from the spiritual dimension of the personality of a nation, community or individuals. Once a collective union is made possible, it shall subsequently be the entire humanity and the whole planet put together in this process of creating and extending peace. Extending peace beyond the planet would be like sending waves of meditative peace beyond our own limits to life forms elsewhere in the universe. Today, when humanity has already been able to achieve brain to computer connection, the future research can establish the basis for a change in attitude from one of war to that for peace. Thanks to the pioneering work of Dr. Evangelia Michelt- Tzanakou, Chair of the Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University and her team, the first computer-to-brain link is now used in surgical treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. Dr. Evangelia, an IEEE Fellow, tells her students to “…..persist, insist, persevere.” It is a spiritual inspiration combined with the ingredients Evangelia has professed that would make the technologists for peace. Gradual and guided research into the areas of unleashing ‘power of the brain’ would emerge from a better understanding of our natural processor and imaginative domains, as compared to hitherto unknown and guesswork approach. Simultaneously, research into bridging the gap between the physical and the metaphysical, known and the unknown, medical science and engineering and an integration of such and various other multidisciplinary research converging into a meaningful domain would finally create ‘Technology for Peace.’ On a similar note is monumental work of Larry Dossey on researching into the domain of ‘healing with prayer.’ Once we have a better understanding of functioning of the brain, we would be able to research into techniques for creating ‘meditative soldiers’ as an organized process by education and training. With the level where advances in technology and medical research stand today, we are just a step away from creating this ability. It is now just a matter of commitment, putting together the resources, and planned, organized research to come out with results. An integration is required of techniques like ‘System Dynamics’ to study the cause-effect relationships in our Mental Dynamics, Biomedical engineering, brain to computer connections and research into stimulating forces that create waves for peace and tranquility. This integration shall result into creating a technology that shall make it easier to awaken the unleashed forces residing within the confines of human instrument in a dormant mode. The connection between human brain and the computer opens up new vistas to study functioning of the brain and its radiation patterns during various stages of anxiety, calmness, praying or meditating modes. We would be able to find means to turn unwanted states of mind to wanted states of mind by restoring to appropriate electrical balance. Once we are vibrating in harmonic sequence with the overall divine energy, we may be able to get access to pre-existing, but as yet unknown and invisible sources of data, information and knowledge. Merging Science, Technology and Spirituality The saint and the scientist are no different- the saint lies hidden within the scientist. Technology is to science what religion is to spirituality. The essence of spirituality is goodness. So is also the underlying theme of all religions. Every prophet since times immemorial has prompted humanity to turn to goodness. An interpretation of goodness in the modern day context is to protect the environment and create peace by whatever means possible. Technology is just one of the means by which we can achieve the most sought-after merger of science and spirituality. Any application of science, technology, literature, medicine, language, any field of disciplines, our actions, thoughts or deeds that create goodness, love, knowledge and joy on the planet are all steps in the right direction. The current research on genetics and the findings of human genome project reflect a scientific basis for life. From every single leaf to a snowflake, the uniqueness lies in creation as a process that follows a pre-determined method to prevent duplication. Though the last hundred years have seen a lot of destruction of humanity as well as planet in the name of development, the stage is set right now to turn from competition to cooperation and from destruction to restoration. We are very close to demystifying the secrets of creation. The objective of creating peace by an effective use of technology has to be morally owned by each one of us, the engineers of the world, the members of IEEE. There has something gone wrong with the way we had all anticipated life to be and the world to shape, right from our lifestyle to economy to the political map. We have failed to realize the power of a creative potential of human intellect. Instead, we have simply succumbed as slaves to junk, as victims of an Acquired Identity Syndrome, a disease the humanity is unknowingly suffering from. The events of September 11 ‘2001 have dawned on the world a new realization. If we don’t act now towards creating a better world, we would have none to blame. This is our last chance. Today, we see all the nations spend a major chunk of their resources on creating weapons and maintaining armies. Tomorrow, we shall see the nations spending most of their resources for creating peace and disarming everyone across the globe. This creation of peace is first made in minds of the people and shall subsequently be reflected in their actions and deeds and attitude. People meditating collectively as groups shall send out signals of ‘peace,’ wiping clean any negative or subversive thoughts of a few wicked minds and purifying their negative attitudes. This can happen by focused research in the areas that study electro-magnetic radiation and its associated modes of transmission with relation to human brain. Our knowledge in these areas as of today is limited. By bridging the gap between current knowledge and imagined possibilities, we can learn more about the functioning of human neural networks that can expand to encompass a wider consciousness of the entire humanity. These are the ways by which we provide the missing link between science and spirituality. This is also the direction of moving towards an integrated and united world that would eventually be at peace. No long-term achievement would be possible just by our creative visualization. We would definitely have to translate any meaningful imagination to realizable plans, time-lined objectives supported by substantial and tangible actions on the ground that result in effective products and services. Once we provide these new options to human society, the paradigm of living would change for sure. From living under stress and tension, people would shift to live under love and peace. The Ideal Model of Interdependence There is nothing between people, technology and the nature. That’s the way life is at futurecity or one of its global villages. Nature Technology People
Fig: An interconnected Interdependence In this new economy model - people, technology and nature are interdependent, often switching the roles of actors, players and system within which they operate. This interdependence may be built on a startup model where people play as players, technology as an actor and the nature as a system. That would give us the desired control as people to willingly create interdependence, instead of just playing as puppet actors in the hands on an uncontrolled force. The exploitation of media, marketing hypes and gimmicks of manipulators and so-called managers of the system and rulers of the day – politicians would all get eliminated in an awakened economy based on the advent of an intellect of a web-centric force where the customers and citizens are educated and all-powerful. Knowledge is power, it has often been said, but seldom professed by a practice of the world. The time has come now to unleash the power of knowledge. This is the millenium of the intellectuals. Not of actors, manipulators or politicians. The people would use the power of the web to create new possibilities, opportunities, and paradigms that are un-dreamt of as now. Many a shifts would happen in the times to come, starting with the attitude from hitherto competitive to cooperative. The platform of realization is built on the foundation of respect. The respect for our past, the respect for whatever the technology and science has achieved so far and the respect and acceptance for urgency of the present moment in our history. This moment is very precious. This is the moment of introspection for not just America or the world. It is the time to sit back, analyze and explore for each one of us. We have all been going over a hundred miles an hour, driving crazy, on the road of our Acquired Identity Syndrome. The world needs a sabbatical. This is the time to create a vision and live that vision in our life. How to do it? We would need to educate people on how exactly the technology can be used to help them and also protect the planet. We would need to tap the young minds and kindle an interest right there. Today, the pre-K, elementary and middle schools are our only hope to save the planet and we can interest them into creating the technology for peace. Another important responsibility on engineers is to step forward to take charge of affairs of the world to save the planet, before it is too late. If it becomes too late and we continue to resign to our circumstances, we would have none to blame. The Red Planet Mars stands as a mute testimony to the hypothesis of how greed and indifference can kill a race of life and the planet with itself. Conclusion Peace can be finally created on the planet, if there is a global agreement between people and governments of the world to use technology in an effective manner towards that objective. So far, we have used technology to create comforts and edge each-other out in competition. No effective results can ever be obtained if we lack a plan of working towards a mission of creating permanent peace. IEEE has an important role to play in this endeavor by bringing engineers, governments and technology together in a focused manner that generates Research and Development opportunities in line with the vision of creating peace while protecting the environment. References & Bibliography September 11: A Wake-Up Call- Scientific Analysis of the problem and suggested solutions. 1stBooks Library, 2002, ISBN # 1-4033-6204-1 (IEEE Author of The Year Award, See more details at www.sfuo.org Aggarwal A, Wadhwa S. Systems Dynamics for Global Integration. Proceedings of 5th National Systems Dynamics Conference, New Delhi, March 1993. Blum, William. Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA interventions since World War II. Maine: Common Courage Press, 1986, ISBN # 1-56751-052-3 Bronowski, J. The Visionary Eye: Essays in Arts, Literature and Science. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1985, ISBN # 0-262-02129-3 Calder, Nigel. Einstein’s Universe. New York: Wing Books, 1979, ISBN # 0-517-385708 Dossey Larry, M.D. Healing Words: The Power of Prayer and the Practice of Medicine. Harper SanFrancisco, 1993, ISBN # 0-06-250251-4 Einstein, Albert. Ideas and Opinions. New York: Crown Publishers, 1954, ISBN # 0-517-88440-2 Johnson, George. Machinery of the Mind. New York: Times Books, 1986. Inside the new Science of Artificial Intelligence. ISBN # 0-8129-1229-2 Jubak, Jim. In the Image of the Brain. Canada: Little, Brown and Company, 1992. Breaking the barrier between the human mind and intelligent machines, ISBN # 0-316-47555-6 Kurzweil, Ray. The Age of Spiritual Machines. New York: Penguin Putman, 1999. When computers exceed Human Intelligence. ISBN # 0-670-88217-8 Levy, Steven. Artificial Life. New York: Random House, 1992. The quest for a new creation. ISBN # 0-679-40774—X Parenti, Michael. Against Empire: A brilliant expose of the brutal realities of U.S. Global Domination. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1995, ISBN # 0-87286-298-4 Reeve Bryant. The Advent of Cosmic Viewpoint. Amherst Press, Amherst, Wisconsin 54406. 1965. Renato, Dulbecco. The Design of Life. New York: Vail-Ballou Press, 1987. ISBN # 0-300-03791-0 The Brain: A User’s Manual. New York: Berkley Books, 1982, ISBN # 0-425-06053 White, Michael. Acid tongues and tranquil dreamers- Tales of Bitter Rivalry that fueled The Advancement of Science and Technology. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN # 0-380-97754-0 Yogananda, Paramhansa. Autobiography of a Yogi. Self-Realization Fellowship, Los Angeles, ISBN # 0-87612-079-6
– Mahatma Gandhi
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